Body fluids

Advances in body fluid examination have provided pathologists with new tools and capabilities. The third edition of Body Fluids has been extensively updated and expanded to discuss all aspects of body fluid examination. The text is written as a practical guide for use at the bench, and as a reference for more esoteric laboratory investigation. Each chapter of Body Fluids is focused on a specific fluid and begins with a detailed description of the anatomy and physiology, specimen collection, and a summary of the most common laboratory tests. Sections are included on gross examination, cell counts, microscopy, flow cytometry, chemical analysis, tumor markers, and microbiologic studies. The third edition has been expanded with substantial new material including twice as many tables, and the addition of Papancolaou's stain for comparison to Romanowsky-type. Immunocytochemistry is discussed in each chapter, and recent advancements in diagnostic molecular biology such as gene rearrangement and polymerase chain reaction are also explored. More than 350 color images aid in understanding and learning. In addition to residents, fellows and practitioners of pathology, the text will be of interest to internists, surgeons, rheumatologists, clinical chemists, and all other specialists who need an accurate understanding of body fluid analysis. Partial Contents Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Amniotic Fluid Anatomy and Pathophysiology Specimen Collection Recommended Laboratory Studies Gross Examination Microscopic Examination Clinical Correlations Chemical Analysis Clinical Disorders and Amniotic Fluid Analysis Estimation of Fetal Maturity, Gestational Age, and Pulmonary Maturity Tests to Evaluate Fetal Lung Maturity Neural Tube Defects (NTD) Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders Microbiologic Examination References Chapter 2: Cerebrospinal Fluid Anatomy and Pathophysiology Specimen Collection Recommended Laboratory Tests Gross Examination Cell Counts Microscopic Examination Clinical Correlations Immunocytochemistry Molecular Diagnostic Studies Detection of CSF Leakage Chemical Analysis Microbiologic Examination References Chapter 3: Pleural and Pericardial Fluids 159 Anatomy and Pathophysiology Specimen Collection Transudates and Exudates Recommended Laboratory Tests Gross Examination Cell Counts Microscopic Examination Clinical Correlations Immunocytochemistry Flow Cytometry Studies Gene Rearrangement Studies Cytogenetics Chemical Analysis Microbiologic Examination References Chapter 4: Peritoneal Fluid Anatomy and Pathophysiology Specimen Collection Peritoneal Lavage Transudates and Exudates Recommended Laboratory Tests Gross Examination Cell Counts Microscopic Examination Clinical Correlations Immunocytochemistry Flow Cytometry Studies Chemical Analysis Microbiologic Examination References Chapter 5: Seminal Fluid Anatomy and Pathophysiology Specimen Collection Special Procedures References Chapter 6: Synovial Fluid Anatomy and Pathophysiology Specimen Collection Recommended Laboratory Tests Gross Examination Cell Counts Microscopic Examination Immunocytochemistry Clinical Correlations Chemical Analysis Immunologic Studies Microbiologic Examination References Appendix Laboratory Methods Amniotic Fluid Cerebrospinal Fluid Serous Fluid Synovial Fluid Total Cell Count Methods Cell Concentration Methods Differential Cell Count Cell Block Techniques Immunocytochemical Techniques Cytochemistry Procedures References Appendix Analysis of Seminal Fluid Sperm Morphology Processing of Sperm Cells for Nonvaginal Insemination Processing a